Department of Political Science

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An assessment of the impact of allied democratic force insurgencies on the Muslims of Kasese district from 1996 – 2006
(Islamic university in uganda, 2009-01) Segujja., Badru
The objectives of this study were to assess the social economic impact of ADF insurgencies on the Muslims of Kasese District in areas of poverty, ill health, illiteracy, economic insecurity and social injustice. Basing on in depth study of social phenomena, a qualitative design was employed using investigative methods of in depth interviews, observations and group discussions. The findings indicate that the ADF insurgencies affected the Muslims welfare on various aspects at the social economic levels. Muslims were denied medical care and education opportunities because ADF abducted them and the government suspected them to be rebels. They faced a double tragedy due to that insecurity and they could not feel free with others in different communities. The findings also showed that the ADF insurgencies created economic problems to the Muslim community. They were economically disempowered by the closure of Muslim aid organizations, denial of employment, and the general feeling of suspended security coupled with unending insurgency led to general backward development and poverty of the Muslims in Kasese District.
African Union mechanisms for Conflict Management: a Critical assessment with reference to Darfur conflict in Sudan
(Islamic university in uganda, 2009-01) Owoyesigire, T.
The general objective of the study was to undertake critical assessment of the effectiveness of the African Union mechanisms for conflict management with particular reference to Darfur crisis. The specific objectives of the study focused on the Darfur region with respect to identifying the AU conflict management mechanisms; examining the factors constraining/promoting the effectiveness of AU in conflict management and establishing plausible strategies for conflict management in Africa.
The Role of Religion in the 2005 General Elections in Zanzibar
(Islamic university in uganda, 2009-12) Talib, Abdalla
The study aimed to examine the positive role of the religious opinion-shapers in peace building initiatives, to examine religious factors and to establish strategies used in facilitating peaceful election. 1t was organized in live chapters whereby chapter one covered an introductory part, chapter two focused on literature review, chapter three presented methodology, chapter four concerned with data presentation and analysis while chapter five consisted conclusion and recommendations. The study conducted by using descriptive design. Purposeful sample technique used to collect data from sample size of 80 respondents from religious stakeholders and other electoral stakeholders who cooperated with religious opinion shapers. Information gathered by questionnaires and in-depth interviews was analyzed by coding, editing, classification and presented by rabies and figures. Religious opinion-shapers included religious leaders, Faith Based Organizations, activists, scholars, media and teachers who contributed in electoral peace making. The study found that the religious opinion shapers were motivated by religious factors and their perfect ethical standards in their operational approach to conflict management and transformation
The challenge of religious appeal to conflict resolution in Northern Uganda
(Islamic university in uganda, 2009-12) Maliamungu, Uthuman
This research is concerned with the challenge of religious appeal to conflict resolution process in Northen uganda, The purpose of the study was to investigate [he notion of religion in conflict resolution with specific emphasis on: (i) how the LRA conflict is inclined to religion (ii) how religion has empowered individuals to denounce the conflict (iii) the role religious institutions have played in the resolution of the conflict. This study was guided by three research questions each relating to the above specific objective respectively. The study concentrated on the activities of ARLPI and lRCU from 1998- 2007. Five (5) districts of northern Uganda were selected for this study. thirty (30) respondents were chosen by use of systematic sampling technique which involved; Bishops, District Qadis', Imams. Pastors and FBO employees. Simple descriptive analysis wa used to analyze the qualitative data, while descriptive statistics in percentages was employed for quantitative analysis. Then nonparametric was used to design the questionnaires. The research findings indicated that the LRA conflict is specifically linked to the catholic faith. This is as a result of the strong historical attachments Acholi community has with the catholic faith, the influence of Acholi ethnicity and the myth that" Acholi are God' hosen people to rule Uganda" .The religious appeal has significantly contributed to peace in the region by altering the attitude of the disputants, this is done through community peace prayers. Preaching peace and rehabilitation of the defect ants. Religious organizations play big role of mediation, advocacy, lobbying for amnesty bills and sensitization .They also inform the international community about the plight of the region amidst the conflict. The research recommended the following:(i) religious leaders and institutions should continue to persuade both parties to end the violence (ii) FBOs should continue to formulate common positions to pressure both sides to adopt peaceful means to end the war (iii)the traditional methods of reconciliation and peace building must be encouraged among the communities in the region. Therefore religious appeal for peace should be given priority by the national and international stake holders till peace is completely attained.
Administrative Style And Staff Morale In Private Institutions In Malaysia
(Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 2010) Kakuba, Sultan Juma; Saidi, Mpawenimana Abdullah
Globally, administrative styles in institutions is concerned with the way and manners in which the authority works with subordinate staff for the purposes of achieving desired stated goals and objectives set by the institutions. However, Management, leadership/administration are often used synonymously according to Coleman despite the fact that they mean different things.1 He states that management has to do with finance, structure, staffing, mission and effectiveness. On the hand, he looks at leadership administration as taking an institution/organization where it is now to where it has to be in the future leadership/ administration is providing a direction that drives the institution in a specific direction.2 But Goldbach looks at administration as an art and science. He explains that leadership is an art because it is applied to real life with skills. And it is a science because it can be learned.3 According to Krietner, he looks at leadership as a process of social influence, which a leader seeks the voluntary participation of subordinate staff in an attempt to achieve the goals of an institution. It is the art to inspire others to willingly execute institutional activities. In this study administration is used interchangeably with management to mean the capacity to direct and coordinate human and material resources to attain specified objectives. Important to note is that it is administration of human resources that seem to be the major focus of administration. This is because it is persons that coordinates and manages resources for the purposes of the intended mission and goals of institution. In the light of this, administration and management analysts usually look on the problems of human resources administration.
Multiparty politics dynamics in Uganda
(African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2010) Kakuba, Sultan Juma
In liberal democracy, it is obvious political parties play a critical role in deepening democratic process. Besides, providing veritable avenue for popular participation, they are celebrated mechanism for political mobilization, guiding policy formulation, implementation and much more significant guards against dictatorship. In Uganda, there is evidence that political parties have not been adequately institutionalized. This can be seen in a manner in which they have process in the country. The efforts of political parties to woo supporters in the hope of making a mark at various levels of government, overheats the polity. This been attempting to foster democratic governance in the past and how their current revival to practice multiparty politics fails to strengthen democratic paper advances the position of political parties in furthering democracy in Uganda. It suggests that the current activities of political parties are ill equipped in broadening democratic dividends.
Crisis in Somalia in the Context of Brecher’s Definition of International Crisis
(International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 2010) Kakuba, Sultan Juma
The crisis in Somalia is one of the worst crises that have ever happened on both local and international scene. It is characterised by violence, which keeps on escalating between Transitional Federal Government and the Islamic Courts union. This situation has made Somalia a dangerous country to the extent that since 1991 it has been without a central government. This persistent crisis in Somalia has caused Somalia into intractable conflicts both locally and internationally. In the light of this, there has been international intervention and withdrawal of external actors due to complexity of the crisis. In this context this crisis has been perceived differently. This paper attempts to explain the Somali crisis in the context of Michael Brecher’s definition of international crisis. The focus is on the key drivers for the persistent breakdown of Somali society that have kept the crisis alive. The paper concludes that Somalia has been plunged into continuous spiralling violence resulting into persistent crisis and conflicts both internally and externally due to internal and external political dynamics of the country as portrayed in Brecher’s ideas on the landscapes of international crisis.
An assessment of the impact of the 1964 Zanzibar revolution on political party-formation in zanzibar; 1977-2005
(Islamic University in Uganda, 2010) Nyange, Makame
This dissertation presents an assessment of the impact of the1964 Zanzibar Revolution on political party formation in Tanzania, 1977-2005 conducted in Urban District of Zanzibar, between December 2008 March 2009 the findings also showed that there were many political parties before the revolution but the moment the coup took place they were forced underground by the new revolutionary government. A part from that, the study found out that there has been a political crisis in Tanzania, because of the following: lack of political tolerance between two contending parties i.e. CCM and CUF, poor elections code and regulations practiced by ZEC, Union question especially in those additional Articles dealing with such as petroleum and status of Zanzibar in the context of Union. The form of Union government, unevenness in the distribution of the subsides among the political parties, political roles which CCM and its governments played in the implementation of Muafaka as well as tremendous economic hardship have also caused political crisis in Tanzania. The study further portrayed that the accord (Muafaka) entered into by the ruling party in Zanzibar -CCM and the strong opposition party-CUF, was exactly aimed at undermining long term conflicts which were rampant in Zanzibar polity prior to and after the revolution. But surprisingly CCM governments became reluctant against these negotiations. The study recommended that, there is a great need to resolve the Union issue together with the implementation of Muafaka. Otherwise the long term impact of the revolution might not be beneficial to the ordinary people of Tanzania.
Gender Perspective to Land Conflicts in Mbale District:Analysis of Women's Rights to Land
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-01) Nabugyere, Judith
The research was designed to assess the effects of Land Conflicts on the Socio-Economic Aspects of Women in Mbale District in the selected sub counties. The study was guided by both the general and specific objectives which were: (a) Examine the causes of land conflicts in Mbale District, (b) Establish effects of land conflicts on income levels of women in Mbale District, Cc) Identify the social effects of land conflicts on women and (d) Assess the role of Local Councils (LCs) in disposing land disputes in Mbale District. The researcher adopted a descriptive research design; it employed both the qualitative and quantitative methods and the main instruments used in the study were questionnaires, interview guide as well as the focused group discussion methods to collect primary data. Data was analyzed using SPSS computer software methods and reduced to frequencies and percentages presented in tables and figures. The study revealed that women are the greatly affected by the land conflicts/disputes as they have lost property, they have been denied access to land, their incomes have reduced and LCs have not helped the women which has led to unbearable effects to the women in Mbale district. The researcher recommended that government efforts need to be doubled in sensitizing communities about land rights and responsibilities, people encouraged to make wills, and LCs strengthened as dispute handling organ at the community level.
An assessment on the causes of electoral conflicts and violence in Uganda
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-01) Rwakishaija, Duncan
In Uganda, electoral conflicts continue to exist before, during and at the conclusion of National elections. In Kampala, various outcomes in form of court cases, processions, reruns, violent behaviors and hostilities are observed during the electoral period. The study used a qualitative longitudinal research design to gather information from 78 different sources and respondents on the causes of election violence from the EC, the Police force, Media. Faith Institutions and the voters. The study notes that the younger population is more interested in the political situation in the country implying the younger age groups are most involved in the politics of this country and could also be the most vulnerable to election conflict and violence.
Social Economic Challenges of retired soldiers in Ntungamo District-Uganda
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-01) Mugasi, Sezi
This research investigated the social economic challenges of retired solders in Ntungamo District which would lead them into conflict like land wrangles. It was compiled in five chapters where the first chapter gave the background of the study, stated the problem,gave a scope,objectives and significance and ended up with framework concept of the study.
An analysis of the challenges to the survival of coconut production industry in zanzibar (1964-2005) west urban region as a case study
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-01) Khamis, Juma
An analysis of the challenges to the survival of coconut production industry in Zanzibar is intended to provide basic fundamental understanding on the aspect about coconut production and the challenges it faced from 1964 to 2005. Secondary and primary data have been collected in this study. Various methods have been used to collect data, among them are participatory group discussions, questionnaires and observation checklist.
An Evaluation of the Efffectiveness of the Disarmament Programme in Nakapiripirit District
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-01) Kachimete, Shaban
The study is about the investigation and evaluation of the challenges to the effective performance of the Disarmament Programme in Nakapiripirit District. A cross-sectional survey design has been used in the study to ensure the collection of information from a variety of respondents. The design, therefore, put into account all the steps Involved In the survey concerning an evaluation of the effectiveness of the disarmament programme in Nakapiripirit District. It was nevertheless; found out that whereas disarmament is considered important to the development of Karamoja, it is still complex 10 accomplish. This is because of inadequate security, inability to practically affect the planned measures, limited financial and other related incentives. Manpower gap, wanting quantity and quality levels of police, intelligence, LDUs, army and vigilantees. Above all, resistance from local people, poor infrastructure, bureaucratic delays and logistical challenges still persist and hence affect the effective enhancement of the entire disarmament programme in Nakapiripirit district. It is therefore recommended that there is need to provide adequate security to all communities, inflict punitive measures upon those that resist the policy, effectively support the house-to-house search policy for . illegal arms and prosecute and jail those involved in arms trafficking. It is also important to provide adequate financial and manpower resources, recruit and retrain the existing vigilantees. establish permanent barracks along boarders streamline bureaucracy. Above all, regular meetings/workshops, consultative public rallies with a spirit of dialogue and improvement of the existing infrastructure should be supported for purposes of making the disarmament programme more effective in Nakapiripirit district.
Clan Warlords as a Challenge in Search of a Sustainable Solution to the Political Crisis in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-08) JAMA, MOHAMED
With the collapse of Siad Barre's government in 1991, Somalia, and more specifically,Mogadishu has been characterized by civil wars. These wars are primarily clan based and, as aresult, clan ism has emerged as the single most important factor in determining the political andthe general wellbeing of the Somalis. Despite several attempts to find a lasting solution to the raging war in Somalia not much has been achieved. Specifically, not much is known about the' role that clan ism plays in fuelling the civil war and the resultant lawlessness. The main objective of this study was to investigate the nature of clanism and the challenges it possess towards the peace process in Mogadishu. The study was informed by the theory of conflict dynamics in divided society which postulates that inequality in political and economic power between different groups as well as the existence of incompatible ideological convictions generates conditions for polarization and violence. The study comprised of field work done in Mogadishu between March and September, 2009 where relevant data was gathered from different sources and adopted purposive sampling technique. Data collection tools included interview, questionnaire, as well as focus individual and group discussions were used in order to get relevant information from the field. The study findings have shown that clan ism contrives to be cancerous and will continue to be so. Inter- clan rivalry and warfare is indeed dictated by clan goals that have to do with political power, land, and the state of the economy as well as other social issues. At the heart of all this is, therefore, the need for Somalis to align themselves along their clans. The study argues that clanism, therefore, emerges as the only viable political option hence the escalation of the war in Mogadishu. The study further gives clear and basic information to the reader about the Somali conflict, which based on clan goals of dimensions. Its revealed that clanisrn has played a significant role in the Somali crisis and the current scenario the country is in. The study found out that the entire peace initiatives, which have been conducted, were based on 4.5 formulae and none has been successful.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Kadhi Courts system in family Conflict Resolution in Zanzibar
(Islamic university in uganda, 2010-08) Nahoda, Juma
This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Kadhi court system in family conflict resolution in Zanzibar. It was conducted in Urban, West, and North "B" districts.The study was conducted by using descriptive design. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data size of 120 respondents in the population of 523 from Kadhi and their supporting staff and officers, Ulamaa, Academicians, lawyers and local people. Information gathered through questionnaires and interview was presented and analyzed using tables. The findings showed that there was evidence of the effectiveness of Kadhi courts in handling inheritance matters and decreasing divorce rate cases, but less effectiveness in providing marriage permission for the women who were deprived the same by their parents. The study recommended widely dissemination to the entire Muslims on the importance of complying with Divine guidance.
An evaluation of the role of the state in conflict resolution over Bwejuu and Ukongoroni villages in Zanzibar over the DUCHI/GANA forest in 2002-2003
(Islamic University in Uganda, 2011) Haji, Abdulla Moh’d
The context of conflict is normally changed by the way the intervention occurs. When proper attention is not paid to the conflict, the act of intervention can escalate the conflict instead of de-escalation. In this study, the researcher undertook to evaluate the role of the state in resolving the conflict Bwejuu and Ukongoroni villages over Duchi/Gana forest (2002-2003) in Zanzibar, Tanzania and to suggest the appropriate solutions. Specifically, the study sought to analyze the causes of the conflict and to establish the role played by the state in solving the conflict and lastly to find out whether the strategies used in solving the conflict satisfied both sides involved. The study was carried out in both South and Central districts of Unguja Island in Bwejuu and Ukongoroni villages respectively where the conflict occurred. The methods used are: Interview, Questionnaire, A Field Observation and Documentary Analysis. Fourteen respondents were interviewed and fifty seven were given questionnaires. The major findings indicate that the conflict was caused by three main causes, namely land boundary, land for plantation and politics. Apart from the main ones, there were other minor causes of the conflict. By using various strategies such as allowing faith based organizations dealing with the resolution, deploying of F.F.U, government orders and others the state played a big role to calm down the conflict. The findings indicate that the strategies used in solving the conflict did not satisfy the majority involved in the conflict, this is because of the partisan, Bwejuu farmers were not given land title deeds, and compensation was only done for Ukongoroni inhabitants and other factors. Based on the findings, recommendations such as the committees dealing with conflict resolution should avoid biasness during the resolution of the conflict and government should provide land title deeds to those who own land have been made which the researcher feels shall be beneficial to policy makers in government, non-government and international organizations in taking measures to handle well such conflict once it occurs and facilitate people to live in harmony and tranquility.
Voting behaviour in Uganda since 1996
(African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2011) Kakuba, Sultan Juma
Exploring factors likely to influence 2011 poll in Uganda is the main objective of this paper. The data for this study was obtained through a content analysis of election results (1996, 2001 and 2006) and interview, which was carried out in the period between July to October, 2010 across the different regions in the country, North, South, West, East and Central to ascertain the factors that are likely to drive the 2011 poll. Although Uganda’s ruling party, the National Resistance Movement (NRM) under the leadership of Museven has been winning successive democratic elections since it transited into democratic rule in 1996; its support has been gradually and steadily declining. The study findings based on elections 1996, 2001 and 2006; and a random survey data from respondents across the different regions in the country through interviews, show that voters reward the incumbent president for fulfilling their demands. The study findings further reveal that factors such as discovery of oil and creation of new districts, infrastructural development among others will be central in influencing the choice of the electorates across these regions. The paper concludes on a point of how NRM the ruling party is likely to perform.
An Analysis of the 2011 Parliamentary Election and its Implication on the Economy of Uganda
(International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 2011) Kakuba, Sultan Juma
The National Resistance Movement (NRM) government transited to electoral democracy with promulgation of the 1995 constitution. This constitution provides for a periodic election after every five years. This has given a roadmap for political action to put Uganda on the road of democracy. This study makes an analysis of the 2011 parliamentary election, which attracted a total of 1659 parliamentary candidates both male and female. A content analysis was adopted in this study and the main source of data was the electoral commission results document records. Method of data analysis was based on descriptive statistics to interpret, discuss and analyse the parliamentary election outcome. The findings are that the ruling NRM party won most of the seats; there was decline in the number of seats won by opposition. And female still enjoy affirmative action seats with little inroads to directly elected seats, which are the domain of men among others. But opposition political parties attract little support and register poor performance in election. The conclusion is that given the huge number of seats obtained by NRM, the parliament is likely to turn into a rubber stamping body for the demands from the executive. Therefore, the recommendation is that in order for the citizens to be familiar with multi-polity politics, where electoral system is free and fair, there is need for government to invest in political education right from primary to university level to enhance active and equal participation in election through political parties of their choices.
An assessment of the contribution of the northern Uganda social action fund l (NUSAF 1) to the development of women in the post Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) era in Gulu district, Uganda.
(Islamic university in uganda, 2011-01) Nalukwago, Jemeo
The Study investigated the contribution of NUSAF I to the development of women in Gulu District. The objectives of the Study were: The contribution of USAF 1 towards the Health status of women in Gulu District; How NUSAF 1 has helped women in Gulu District cope with the changed roles and finally, the contribution of NUSAF 1 to the improvement of the economic status of women in the same district. The study was guided by a cross sectional survey research design applying both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. Data was collected by use of a both open and closed ended questionnaire, in depth interview guides, field observation and focused group discussion guides. The respondents included: The Woman Member of Parliament Gulu District, the Permanent Secretary, Office of the Prime Minister, the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), Gulu District, the Medical Superintendent, Gulu Referral Hospital, Female Students (15 years and above), women market vendors and women at the grassroots. The Study revealed that NUSAF 1 had not contributed to the development of women in the district of Gulu.
An investigation into the effect of the five-year civil war on the socio-economic livelihood of the people of Luwero district
(Islamic university in uganda, 2011-01) Sentongo, Badru
The study was conducted in Luwero District to investigate into the impact of the Five Year Civil War on the Socio-economic Livelihood of the people of Luwero District. The methodology, which was used to carry out the study, was descriptive, where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to gather data from respondents regarding how the impact of the Civil War on Agricultural Production, the impact of the Civil War on infrastructural development and the impact of the Civil war on Economic Development affect their social economic livelihood. The result of the study indicate that the Five Year Civil War 1981 - 1986 impacted on the socio-economic livelihoods of the people of Luwero District by creating negative effect on agriculture, infrastructural development and socio- economic development which have resulted into undesirable consequences of poverty and hunger. There was a tremendous decrease of average percentage of agricultural production, average percentage of coffee production decreased by 24 %, and the average percentage of beans production decreased by 67 %. This implies that the concentration of the war in the District disorganized Agricultural processes, patterns and production. The decrease in the average percentage of infrastructural growth implies that the existence of the war in the District significantly impacted on the roads, hospitals, schools and health centres.

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