Research Papers

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Competencies of lower-level community health centre leaders in annual health work planning and their influence on district performance in Busoga sub-region:
(PLoS One, 2020-07-30) Muluya,Kharim Mwebaza; Muwanguzi,Gangu David; Aremu,Abdulmujeeb Babatunde; Naziru,Rashid; Wananda,Irene; Kayemba,Jonah Fred; Ogara,Collin; Waib,Musa; Mugisha,John Francis; Waiswa,Peter
Introduction Lower-level community health centres play a crucial role in the delivery of primary healthcare services, and the competencies of their leaders can significantly influence district performance. Annual health work planning in local governments faces imple- mentation obstacles every year. This mostly affects lower-level community health centres in Busoga region. It is evidenced by late submission of annual health work plans to authorized offices and also these work plans are poorly made by lower-level community health centres in Busoga region. This prompted a retrospective study to understand the competencies of leaders in the lower-level community health centres in annual health work plan development.
Effectiveness of the Box Savings Initiative for Transport Costs on Health Facility- Based Deliveries:
(Gynecology & Reproductive Health, 2025-05-21) Mwebaza, Muluya Kharim; Aremu,Abdulmujeeb Babatunde; Naziru, Rashid; Muwanguzi,Gangu David; Kibaara,Rucha Kenneth; Kithuka,Peter; Otieno,George Ochieng; Waibi,Musa; Mugisha,John Francis; Waiswa,Peter
Introduction: Access to maternal healthcare is crucial for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, especially in rural areas where barriers such as transport costs limit facility-based deliveries. This study explores the effectiveness of Mothers' Box Savings Initiative on transport costs and its influence on health facility-based deliveries in the Busoga region of Uganda. Franchisor-franchisee transport model is important in building bond between mothers and local transporters. Mothers' Box Savings Initiative is a community-based saving scheme where expectant mothers save small amounts regularly to afford transportation to health facilities during delivery and when develop complications. Methods: this was an interventional study with mixed-methods approach employed for 6 months. The franchisor- franchisee model was aimed at bringing local transporters closer to pregnant mothers. However, the Box Savings Initiative was required for mothers to afford transport costs to health centres for deliveries and treatment of maternal related complications in the Busoga region. Results: After the initiation of box savings for transport costs affordability to health centres, deliveries in the intervention arm drastically increased to 70.5 percent and lethargically to 51.2 percent in the control arm. There was statistically significant change effect with the intervention (change average value at 0.314 and p-value at 0.000). The findings indicate that women involved in Mothers' Box Savings and can afford to meet transport costs are significantly more likely to have health facility-based deliveries (AOR=0.117; p-value=0.009; CI= 0.135 – 2.374 and AOR=2.290; p-value=0.011; CI=1.001 – 5.216 respectively). Conclusion: This suggests that the financial empowerment provided by savings initiatives directly contributes to improved maternal health outcomes by reducing barriers to accessing skilled birth attendants. The study underscores the importance of community savings mechanisms as a cost-effective strategy for enhancing maternal healthcare accessibility in low-resource settings.
Predictors of Smartphone Usage Addiction among Health Sciences Students in Selected Universities in Kampala, Uganda
(East African Health Research Journal, 2024-11-10) Aremu,Abdulmujeeb Babatunde; Afolabi,Ismail Bamidele Afolabi; Naziru, Rashidc
Background: Globally, smartphone use among university students is expanding at an exponential rate, and its lingering addiction has now become a global issue, causing some emotional comprehension issues that can lead to significant consequences. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of smartphone addiction (overuse) and its predictors among health sciences students at selected universities in Kampala, Uganda. Methodology: An online-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed for this study among 308 students of health sciences in Ugandan universities. A three-sectioned, pretested, and validated questionnaire was used to capture data on socio-demographic attributes and smartphone use habits from the respondents. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26. The outcome variable (i.e., smartphone addiction) was transformed into a weighted aggregate score prior to dichotomisation. Analysis of variance, chi-square test of independence, and binary logistic regression analysis were employed for the study hypotheses, and the significance level was set at P ≤ .05. Results: The prevalence of smartphone addiction was found to be 53.9%. Female respondents were predominant, 179 (58.1%), and relatively three-quarters of the respondents, 237 (76.9%), were unmarried. The smartphone addiction score among the respondents was 16.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.49 to 16.78) on a maximum reference scale of 30. At the multivariable model, daily time spent using a smartphone (AOR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.69) and the onset of smartphone use (AOR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.97) were identified as the significant independent predictors of smartphone addiction. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of smartphone addiction among the sampled health sciences students in Ugandan universities. The most significant predictors of smartphone addiction include the number of hours spent on a smartphone daily and the onset of smartphone use. Given the negative health outcomes that this problem may evoke, this study calls for targeted health education intervention to enhance self-control skills, and to effectively tackle smartphone addiction among university students in Uganda.
Prophetic Medicine (Twibb Nabbawi) Principles in Clinical Practice
(International Journal of Human and Health Sciences DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v8i3.718, 2024-07-04) Naziru, Rashid
Prophetic medicine (Twibb Nabbawi) refers to the advice, the teachings and practices given by the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) regarding disease prevention and treatment as found in both the Quran and the hadith. These include preventive, promotive and therapeutics modalities. They range from hygiene and behavioral practices, dietary/nutritional practices as well as exercises among others. Several countries especially in the middle east, far east, some countries in Europe and America have embarked on the reactivation, research and practice of this noble principles in enriching the medical knowledge as well as the clinical practice of prophetic medicine. This current paper presents the experiences of use and practice of prophetic medicine principles and teachings in Uganda. They also range from preventive, promotive and therapeutic modalities and varies from various health facilities and individual Muslim health professionals under the umbrella of the Islamic Medical Association of Uganda. (IMAU). In conclusion, prophetic medicine is a critical component of clinical care practice that should be adopted for healthcare delivery. Healthcare professionals should adopt its practice to ensure holistic healthcare service delivery.
Uptake of Hepatitis B Treatment Eligibility Tests Among Hepatitis B Patients:
(Aquaint Publications, 2024-08-22) Naziru, Rashid; Mutaryebwa, Felix; Nakya, Joan,Mutyoba; Ssekamatte, Tonny; Aleku, Jerry; Acheng, Frances; Mubarak, Nasur
Background: Despite hepatitis B virus infection being a vaccine preventable liver disease, 257 million people are estimated to be chronically infected globally making it one of the commonest infections, causing more than 820,000 deaths annually worldwide. Uganda is one of the SSA that continues to be highly endemic with a prevalence of 4.3%, associated with poor clinical management of those infected. Objectives: Assess factors associated with the uptake of recommended HBV treatment eligibility tests among hepatitis B Virus patients at\ Yumbe Regional Referral HospitaMethods: Data was collected using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Chi square and modified Poisson regression analyses were undertaken to determine association of factors. 01 Focus Group Discussion and 04 Key Informant interviews were conducted to explore factors affecting the provision of recommended hepatitis B treatment eligibility tests. Data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: 1.01% of patients took all 4 tests and 26.6% received at least one test. Complete Blood Count was mostly consumed, 38.2% while Ultra Sound Scan was the least -7%, 7.5% patients were screened for HIV with 33.3% being HIV/HBV coinfected. 61.3% patients did not take any main test and 31.2% had a main test taken. Only 7.5% had both main tests. Uptake of main tests was associated with timing of tests (χ2 =94.9, P< 0.000), HIV/HBV coinfection (χ2 = 20.46, P<0.000), duration in care, (χ2=68.9, P<0.000), average distance to hospital (χ2 = 15.5,P<0.017). Timing of tests was the only factor statistically associated with uptake of main recommended tests (PR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.210 – 0.92). Facilitators for provision of HBV tests included availability of commodities, HCWs’ knowledge of the treatment guidelines and good infrastructure while barriers were insufficient human resource, commodity stock outs and language barrier. Conclusion: There was poor uptake of recommended tests by HBV patients at YRRH. Health Workers should endeavor to provide all recommended tests before HBV treatment initiation.
Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines, associated factors and reasons for not taking a vaccine
(BMC, 2024) Naziru, Rashid; Daama, Alex; Kasango, Asan; Kigozi, Nalwoga,Grace; Nalugoda, Fred; Bulamba, Robert; Kyasanku, Emmanuel; Nakigozi, Gertrude; Kigozi, Godfrey; Kagaayi, Joseph; Mugamba, Stephen
Vaccination has been recommended as one of the approaches for the control of COVID-19 pandemic. However, adequate vaccine coverage is critical to the effectiveness of the vaccine at population level. Data on acceptability of the vaccine in Ugandan urban areas are limited. This study examined the prevalence, factors associated with willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine including reasons for not taking COVID-19 vaccine in a predominantly urban population of Wakiso, central Uganda.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards COVID-19 Vaccination Among Students and Staff at the Islamic University in Uganda
(East African Health Research Journal, 2023-11-03) Naziru, Rashid; Nabukeera, Madinah; Kisambira, Zubair Jauhara; Zziwa, Swaibu; Ndagire, Mariam Abbasi; Nakayiza, Faridah
Whereas the burden of COVID-19 has greatly reduced worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality, its impact is still affecting many countries economically, politically as well as in the healthcare systems. There is therefore a need to ensure that the community is protected and safe against the resurgence of the COVID-19 by embracing the vaccination against the disease. Taking up campaign messages about the COVID-19 vaccine, requires the community to have a certain level of understanding and have a good or positive attitude towards the vaccines, all of which influence good practices.
Self-Reported Hepatitis B Vaccination Uptake and Associated Factors Among Adults Attending Budwale Health Center in Mbale District Uganda
(East African Health Research Journal, 2023-08-21) Naziru, Rashid; Ddamulira, John Bosco; Kabwama Ndugwa, Steven; Namutundu, Juliana; Ssentogo, Julius; Daama, Alex; Ajambo, Aidah; Namatovu, Josephine; Mutaryebwa, Felix; Ahumuza, Ronald; Batte, James; Nakayiza, Faridah; Ndagire, Mariam Abbasi
The introduction of Hepatitis B vaccination in the general community requires understanding the factors that determines its uptake. This is specifically essential for planning, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the program. This study investigated the uptake and associated factors of Hepatitis B Vaccination among clients attending Budwale Health Center in Eastern Uganda
Prevalence of Bacteria Contaminating the Hands of Healthcare Workers: An Experience of Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
(International Journal of Human and Health Sciences, 2022-04-02) Nazziwa, Aisha; Lwere, Kamada; Ankarali, Handan; Ankarali, Seyit
Background: The pathogenic bacterium on the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered as the main route of spread of nosocomial infections. Objectives:To determine bacterial contamination of the hands of healthcare workersduring routine patient care in Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study included 70 health care workers, who were actively providing healthcare in the hospital. Doctors, nurses, midwives,laboratory technicians, and pharmacistsof the hospital were included in the study. The hand impressions of the participants were taken on 5% blood agar and processed as per guidelines. The criteria used for identification of bacteria werebased on colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase test (for Gram-positive cocci), coagulase test (for suspected Staphylococcus aureus) and other standard biochemical tests. Results: Out of 70 samples, 62(88.6)% showed growth of microorganisms. The most commonly isolated genus was Bacillus found in 46(74.2%) of isolates, followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CoNS) found in 39(62.9%) of isolates, Micrococcus 18(29%) of isolates, Pseudomonas found in 13(21%) isolates, Acinetobacter 9(14.5%) and Staphylococus 7(11.3%). Bacillus was found in all 5 midwives (100%), 3(75%) of drug dispensary workers, 9(69.2%) doctors, 3(60%) laboratory technicians and 25(64.1%) of nurses. Prevalence of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was also found to be highest in 9(69.2%) of doctors, 2(40%) laboratory attendants, 4(10%) laboratory technicians, 3(60%) midwives and 20(51,3%) nurses. The prevalence rate of pathogenic bacteria is highest among doctors followed by nurses.Conclusion: The bacterial contamination on the hands of healthcare workers remains high and measures need to be taken to effectively implement hand hygiene.
On the Use of Bayesian Network Classifiers to Classify Patients with Peptic Ulcer Among Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Patients
(IEEE, 2012) Nazziwa, Aisha; Mohd, Bakri Adam
A Bayesian network classifier is one type of graphical probabilistic models that is capable of representing relationship between variables in a given domain under study. We consider the naïve Bayes, tree augmented naïve Bayes (TAN) and boosted augmented naïve Bayes (BAN) to classify patients with peptic ulcer disease among upper gastro intestinal bleeding patients. We compare their performance with IBk and C4.5. To identify relevant variables for peptic ulcer disease, we use some methodologies for attributes subset selection. Results show that, blood urea nitrogen, hemoglobin and gastric malignancy are important for classification. BAN achieves the best accuracy of and AUC of (0.81) followed by TAN with 72.4 and 0.76 respectively among Bayesian classifiers. While the accuracy of the TAN is improved with attribute selection, the BAN and IBK are better off without attribute selection.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HAND HYGIENE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS AND NURSING STUDENTS IN MASAKA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL
(Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute, 2021) Nazziwa, Aisha; Lwere, Kamada; Ankarali, Handan; Ankarali, Seyit
Aim: The pathogenic bacterium on the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered as the main route of spread of hospital-acquired infections. This study determines the knowledge regarding hand hygiene among medical and nursing students in a Regional Referral Hospital. Material and Methods: 100 students participated in the study. Data was collected using the World Health Organization hand hygiene knowledge questionnaire (revised 2009). The questionnaire contains questions on the participant’s demographics, formal training in hand hygiene and questions to assess hand hygiene knowledge. Descriptive statistics of the variables were computed as Mean±SD and frequencies (n, %). The relationships between the categorical variables were investigated by using Pearson Chi-Square test. Also independent-samples t-test were used to investigate the difference between groups with regard to numerical variables. In all calculations, P< 0.05 is considered as the level of statistical significance. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20 (IBM SPSS statistics, Somers, NY). Results: 90.8% of the students reported receiving formal training in hand hygiene. However only 2% of the students had good knowledge, 74% moderate knowledge and 24% low knowledge about hand hygiene. The study did not find any significant difference in the knowledge level between the students who had received formal training in hand hygiene and those who had not (p=0.392). Also, the mean knowledge score was not associated with gender (p=0.82), or profession (p=0.179). Conclusion: It is of importance to devise effective teaching methods that will help the students retain the knowledge on hand hygiene
Effect of Missing Value Methods on Bayesian Network Classification of Hepatitis Data
(International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunication, 2013-06) Naziwa, Aisha; Mohd, Bakri Adam; Shamarina, Shohaimi
Missing value imputation methods are widely used in solving missing value problems during statistical analysis. For classification tasks, these imputation methods can affect the accuracy of the Bayesian network classifiers. This paper study’s the effect of missing value treatment on the prediction accuracy of four Bayesian network classifiers used to predict death in acute chronic Hepatitis patients. Missing data was imputed using nine methods which include, replacing with most common attribute, support vector machine imputation (SVMI), K-nearest neighbor (KNNI), Fuzzy K-means Clustering (FKMI), K-means Clustering Imputation (KMI), Weighted imputation with K-Nearest Neighbor (WKNNI), regularized expectation maximization (EM), singular value decomposition (SVDI), and local least squares imputation (LLSI). The classification accuracy of the naive Bayes (NB), tree augmented naive Bayes (TAN), boosted augmented naive Bayes (BAN) and general Bayes network classifiers (GBN) were recorded. The SVMI and LLSI methods improved the classification accuracy of the classifiers. The method of ignoring missing values was better than seven of the imputation methods. Among the classifiers, the TAN achieved the best average classification accuracy of 86.3% followed by BAN with 85.1%.
Comparison of the Naive Bayes Classifier and Instance Based Learner in Classifying Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
(MATEMATIKA, 2013) Naziwa, Aisha; Mohd, Bakri Adam; Shamarina, Shohaimi
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a medical emergence that results in high medical costs and death. Management of this disease requires ascertaining the cause of bleeding. The cause of bleeding is classified into esophageal and gastric causes. Based on health survey data, this study compares the accuracy of the naive Bayes classifier and an instance based learner in the classification of the cause of bleeding. The two classifiers are learned and trained on data collected from patients admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The naive Bayes classifier achieves a classification accuracy of 71% accuracy compared to 68% of the instance based learner
Classification models for predicting the source of gastrointestinal bleeding in the absence of hematemesis
(Basic Research Journal of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, 2013-08) Nazziwa, Aisha; Mohd, Bakri Adam; Shamarina, Shohaimi
Management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding necessitates the identification of the source of bleed. The source of bleeding which is clear in patients presenting with hematemesis, is unclear in the absence of it. Logistic regression, decision tree, naïve Bayes, LogitBoost and KNN models were constructed from non endoscopic data of 325 patients admitted via the emergence department (ED) for GIB without hematemesis. The performance of the models in predicting the source of bleeding into upper gastrointestinal bleeding or lower gastrointestinal bleeding was compared. Overall the models demonstrate good performance with regards to sensitivity specificity, PPV, NPV and classification accuracy on the simulated data. On the GIB data, the naive Bayes model performed best with a prediction accuracy and sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 85% and area under curve of 92%. Classification models can help to predict the source of gastrointestinal bleeding for patients presenting without hematemesis and may generally be useful in decision support in the ED. The models should be explored further for clinical relevance in other settings
Bayesian Network Classification of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
(Universiti Putra Malaysia Press (Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology), 2014) Nazziwa, Aisha; Mohd, Bakri Adam; Shamarina, Shohaimi; Aida, Mustapha
The source of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains uncertain in patients presenting without hematemesis. This paper aims at studying the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the Naive Bayesian Classifier (NBC) in identifying the source of GIB in the absence of hematemesis. Data of 325 patients admitted via the emergency department (ED) for GIB without hematemesis and who underwent confirmatory testing were analysed. Six attributes related to demography and their presenting signs were chosen. NBC was used to calculate the conditional probability of an individual being assigned to Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) or Lower Gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). High classification accuracy (87.3 %), specificity (0.85) and sensitivity (0.88) were achieved. NBC is a useful tool to support the identification of the source of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients without hematemesis
Assessing the Learning Environment at Habib medical School, Islamic University in Uganda
(International Journal of Human and Health Sciences, 2017-01) Nazziwa, Aisha; Lwere, Kamada; Tebetyo, Zakia; Ankarali, Handan; Ankarali, Seyit
The learners’ environment is crucial for development of professionals. In Uganda, there was no studies assessing the learning environment have been found. Objective: This study was performed to assess the undergraduate students’ perceptions of medical education in general and educational environment in a newly established faculty of medicine in Islamic University in Uganda. Materials and Methods: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM), a validated inventory was distributed among undergraduate students in the first year of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery study. This scale consists a 50 item inventory each of the50 items is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 to4). Results: The average total DREEM score was found to be 127.5 (maximum point is 200 in the scale) for the students. This score was interpreted according to the practical guide of McAleer and Roff those students’ perceptions of their learning environment were more positive than negative. In addition, the descriptive values of 5 sub- dimensions of the scale were found as follows. The Perceptions of Learning dimension average is 33.69 ± 6.10, the Perceptions of Teachers dimension average is 25.89 ± 4.44, Students’ Academic Self-Perception 23.35 ± 3.91, Perceptions of Learning Atmosphere dimension average 29.83 ± 7.01 and Social self-perceptions dimension average 13.90 ± 3.92.Only the mean Social Self Perceptions sub-dimension score were below the expected average score (maximum score/2), and all of the other mean of dimensions were higher than the expected average. The best score is obtained from Perceptions of Learning. The items with low scores (less than 2) on the DREEM questionnaires were identified as in need of rehabilitation. Conclusion: On the whole, the study showed that the students’ perception of the educational environment and the teaching delivered were positive but the student’s social self-perception was not good. Measures to improve student’s social self-perception will be adopted.
ANALYSIS OF NON-LINEAR TRANSMISSION OF EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE AND THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONTROL INTERVENTIONS IN HOSPITAL
(Islamic University Journal, 2015-06) Nazziwa, Aisha; Babangida, Bala Garba; Noor, Kasim; Adiukwu, Roseline Nwawure; Ngaloru, Stellamaris Ngozi; Mafuyai, Yaks Mabur; Obi, Edith Nkeiru; Onwunali, Magnus Chibueze; Obanny, Adolphus
Epidemiological data on infection outbreaks are challenging to analyze, despite improved control interventions Ebola virus Disease (EVD) remains a serious risk in Guinea (West Africa) with 607 reported cases and 406 deaths recorded (66.8%) as of 20th August, 2014.In this study we use modified epidemiological modeling SEIR to analyze data from an Ebola outbreak in Guinea from 22nd march – 20th August,2014 We use Bayesian inference with non – linear transmission times incorporated into augmented dataset as latent variables. Despite the lack of detailed data, most data sets record the time on symptom onset but transmission time is not observable. We inferred from such dataset records using structured Hidden Markov Models HMMS. Infectivity is determined before and after public health interventions for hospitalized cases. We estimate the number of secondary cases generated by an index case in the absence of control interventions (Ro). Our estimate of Ro is 1.57 (CI95 0.82-1.92) and the mean value of estimated detection rate is 0.75 (CI95 0.59 -0.93) with a coefficient of correlation between 𝛽 and v as – 0.23. We perform sensitivity analysis of the final epidemic size tothe time of intervention, which ensures the uniqueness and the global stability of the positive endemic equilibrium state.
COVID-19 Vaccination: Prevalence and Associated Factors among Students and Staff (A Case of Islamic University in Uganda)
(Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 2022-03) Naziru, Rashid; Nabukeera, Madinah; Nazziwa, Aisha; Aremu, Abdulmujeeb Babatunde; Araphat, Ummusalam; Kyejussa, Yusuf
Preparedness, Identification and Care of COVID-19 Cases by Front Line Health Workers in Selected Health Facilities in Mbale District Uganda
(East African Health Research Journal, 2021) Naziru, Rashid; Nazziwa, Aisha; Nanyeenya, Nicholas; Nabukeera, Madinah; Lwere, Kamada
Introduction The nature of work of Health care professionals exposes them to high risks of contracting COVID-19 and spreading it among themselves, to their patients and subsequently to the general community. Thus, it is essential that frontline health workers are equipped with both material and knowledge to enable them accurately suspect, detect, isolate, and manage COVID-19 cases. Findings have indicated a high prevalence of COVID-19 infections among front-line health workers. The Current Study assessed preparedness, identification, and care of COVID-19 Cases by frontline health workers in selected health facilities in Mbale District.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception on Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Non-health Workers Attending Selected Health Facilities in Mbale City, Uganda
(Science Publishing Group, 2021-10-30) Naziru, Rashid; Zziwa, Swaibu
Introduction Vaccination has for a long time been used for the prevention and control of communicable diseases among children and adults. For the vaccination to be effective in controlling the spread of communicable diseases a significant number of people must be vaccinated and immunized to achieve herd immunity. The success of a vaccination campaign and program depends on the communities' knowledge attitudes and perceptions on vaccines. Uganda is endemic for HBV disease with 10 national prevalence, and therefore needs to have a general community fully vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. The current study assessed the knowledge attitude and perceptions of the community on HBV vaccination. Methods: A cross- section study will be used by administering a questionnaire to all OPD clients who are above 18years at three selected health facilities in Mbale district. Data was analyzed using Stata SE/14. Results: Out of 1020 participants 51.86% (530) were males and 48.14% (492) were females, the majority were between 18-35 years and 35.49% had minimal tertiary level of education.58.8% of respondents had moderate knowledge on HBV disease and vaccination. There was a generally good attitude and perceptions on HBV Vaccination however 62.23% (636) believed that the HBV vaccine was not effective.29.68% (304) of respondents agreed that they would go for vaccination if given an opportunity 56.33% (579) preferred to get them vaccinated from government facilities and 75.53% (772) would recommend others to go for vaccination. Conclusion: More Education and sensitization on the use, availability, and safety of vaccines to the community is highly recommended to improve the knowledge and attitude; Opinion leaders should be given appropriate IEC materials on Vaccines; a study on the uptake of HBV vaccine and associated factors should be carried

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