Thesis and Dissertations

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A Linguistic study of kiswahili proverbs with attempt at its classification
(2002) Argungu, Dahiru M.
Kiswahili is one of the African languages with very large numbers of proverbs. Its proverbs are among the earliest and most-widely studied by scholars. However, the researches on the genre have almost centred on its aesthetic, folkloric or socio-cultural values. In other words, scholars of Kiswahili proverbs have studied them mainly from the literature point of view. They have rarely analysed them from a linguistic perspective. In addition, collected published works on the genre have almost always been arranged by authors in a rather facile alphabetical format to the exclusion of all other forms of categorization or classification. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make a modest contribution to the Kiswahili proverb researches at two levels. The first was to analyse the proverbs mainly from a linguistic perspective, in place of the more familiar literary analysis. Secondly, we classified the genre based on its lexical items and semantic fields, instead of simply arranging them alphabetically. Taken together, the aim was to show the potential application of linguistics in Kiswaili proverb researchers. The methodology of this study was based on descriptive linguistics in which we discovered and described the structure of the Kiswahili proverb, in particular its grammatical properties. For this purpose, we examine a umber of published works on the genre. We concentrated our analysis on four areas of linguists. These were the grammatical, syntactic, semantic and stylistic levels in relation to our data. We then went ahead to use the data that accrued from the grammatical analysis to classify the proverbs along semantic fields. Some of the major findings of this research were that the individual words underlying Kiswahili proverbs sentence are mainly drawn from the basic vocabulary items of its everyday speech. This points out the fact that at the lexical level, the Kiswahili proverb often has a very simple structure and meaning. From a syntactic point of view too, the surface structure of Kiswahili proverbial utterance is simple and devoid of complex syntax. Almost every proverb in the genre is constructed with two immediate consistent (parallel) structures. We further discovered at the semantic level of our analysis that the Kiswahili proverb has complex meaning at its deep structure. The complexity in meaning is caused by the proverbs' metaphor. This proves that there is a literal meaning which lies at the proverbs surface structure and the non-literal (metaphorical) on which is conceived or concealed in the proverb’s deep structure. There is also variation in the types of metaphor in Kiswahili proverbial sentences. This means some proverbial constructions contain more complex metaphors than others. Apparently, the chief function of metaphor in the proverb is the creation of ambiguity, at its sentence’s deep structure. Unlike the ambiguity that is likely to be found in everyday Kiswahili, which may either be lexical or structural, the ambiguity in its proverbs stems from the metaphor in its sentence. For this reason, virtually every Kiswahili proverb contains some form of metaphorical ambiguity. It appears that the main function of metaphorical ambiguity in Kiswahili proverbs is to compensate for the often restricted syntax of its sentence, in addition to creating multiplicity of meaning or usage. Perhaps, one of the distinguishing linguistic characteristics of the Kiswahili genre that we found in the study is its high content of end-rhyming proverbs. This feature is largely attributed to the vowel-ending nature of its works which makes the feature easily achievable in the language as a whole.
An Analysis of Style and Content in the Films of Kanumba in Tanzania
(2014) Masoud, Ali Said
This study investigated the style and content in the films of Kanumba in Tanzania. Previous studies had revealed that, films like any other genre of literature have the use of language and different themes in the society. However, the films of Kanumba and the themes portrayed there in had not yet been investigated to the best of his understanding. Therefore the researcher investigated the style and content in the films of Young Billioneare, Uncle JJ and Big Daddy in Tanzania.Through the style, the researcher analyzed the language used to pass the message. In terms of content, the researcher analyzed the themes emerged in those three selected films through the language used.The researcher used tape recorder and video for data collection.The importance of this study is to show how language is used to get the required themes. Also, this study will give the light to other researchers to do more research on other areas concerning with films.The purpose of this study therefore was to explore the literary techniques of language used in the films of Kanumba.Also to examine how the literary technique of language used to describe the content in those films. This study was guided by two hypotheses: (a) The films of Kanumba have literary techniques of language used. (b) The films of Kanumba have literary technique of language which is used to describe the content of those films.This research was guided by the stylistic theory of Crystal and Davy (1973). This theory was used to guide the researcher to analyze the language and themes through the characters’ conversations appeared in those films. The content analysis research used to collect data.This study has shown the guidance in accomplishing this task. Having obtained the required data, it was then analyzed qualitatively to find out how the language used to portray the message.The research findings have shown that, the films of Kanumba comprised of figure of speech such as similes, metaphor, onomatopoeic, euphemism and even Proverbs. Apart from showing the figure of speech, this study has a lot of themes such as Unity, Position of woman in the Society, Building the future etc.The researcher hopes that, the research findings will benefit the youths, teachers, lectures,scholars and the films lovers as whole.
Mchango wa makosa ya lugha ya wanafunzi katika kutofanya vizuri katika mtihani wa kitaifa wa kiswahili nchini kenya
(2014) Lumbasi, John. Muke
The topic dealt with error analysis in language use while communicating or in written and the way it affects composition writing among pupils in selected schools in Chepkube zone in Mt. Elgon District .This errors involved language flow, its structure or form and influence of first language from mother tongue. As the saying has it that a mistake is never considered a mistake unless it is repeated. Most learners in this region do not acquire high marks in composition writing and end up receiving below average marks. This happens because majority of them do not follow required rules governing language use. The root cause emanated from the influence of the mother tongue that had its own form and hence affected the second language in spoken and structure. This trend of making errors in composition writing in their respective schools, during their mock examinations and latter in their final KCPE examination nationally need to get a lasting solution so that learners can obtain better results. Past research shows that L1 influences the learning of L2. The source of this research therefore involved learners who wrote composition, had dialogue and attempted given exercises in their respective schools .The research was guided by the hypothesis that errors in language use affects its flow, structure and speech. This data was guided by error analysis theory. The theory was useful in its collection, error classification and error explanation. Once collected, this data was to be used by researchers basing on errors using quantitative and explanation approach .Its outcome will be of value to learners, teachers, researchers and other writers of Kiswahili books.
Uchanganuzi wa kimofosintaksia wa sentensi za kitooro kwa Mkabala wa Nadharia ya Umilikifu na Unganifu t.
(2014) Businge, James
ABSTRACT This research has dwelt on A morphosyntactic analysis of Rutooro sentences from the perspective of the government and binding theory. A review of Rutooro literature has shown that a lot of writings on Rutooro grammar were influenced by the traditional approach of grammatical analysis which is prescriptive in nature. The writers concentrated on describing the grammatical categories such as nouns and verbs, and analysing the sentence by identifying its constituents, categorizing them, and interpreting their meaning. The native speakers’ competence was not considered in analysing Rutooro grammar, yet, it is the original grammar of a language. Therefore, I analysed Rutooro sentences from the perspective of generative grammar which considers the grammar of a language as a reflection of the native speakers’ competence. It empharsises that any analysis of a language ought to describe this competence. The research objectives were to identify: the morphosyntactic processes which occur in Rutooro; the morphosyntactic categories which trigger these processes; and the morphosyntactic rules in Rutooro. I was guided by the government and binding theory, which, contrary to the traditional approach, analyses language on the basis of the native speakers’ competence. It is about structural relations: it gives principles which relate certain sentence constituents and the structural contexts in which they operate. The theory shows that certain parts of a sentence relate on the basis of several principles, and every constituent is understood from the perspective of structural relations, whereby, the head governs the forms of its arguments. Some of Rutooro lexical categories and sentences constituted the research data. I used the field research design: I interviewed 30 respondents whom I selected purposively: local Rutooro native speakers whom I selected using the snowball method of sample selection; and Batooro who are teachers of language in secondary schools, and students of language in universities. The data showed the presence of: morphosyntactic processes in Rutooro which result from inflectional morphology and anaphoric relations; grammatical categories which trigger these processes, and from these processes and grammatical categories, the principles which describe Batooro’s competence in their grammar were formulated. Since the morphosyntactic aspect from the perspective of generative grammar has never been researched on in Rutooro, the research will contribute to the existing knowledge on Rutooro grammar. Understanding Rutooro grammar depends on the mastery of the morphosyntactic effects of the grammatical categories of Rutooro language. Therefore, teachers, researchers and students will benefit from the research because Rutooro is taught in schools and at Makerere University. I found out that there is need to research
An investigation of language styles and messages in children songs: a case study in ndijani division in Unguja Island
(2014) Haji, Mahmoud. Y.
This research investigated language styles used in children’s songs, taking Ndijani village in Unguja as a case study. The study was guided by Analysis of illustration of Leech (1969). This is a field study which comprised the application of the participatory research techniques perusal and question in data collection which finally has been analyzed and presented by qualitative method. The main objective of this study was to investigate how language is used in children’s songs. The specific objectives were to identify language styles which are used in children’s songs. The research also intended to expose how language styles are used to pass on messages in children’s songs. The research questions were; can language styles which are used in children’s songs be identified in different contexts? Moreover, What messages can be identified by language styles used by in children’s songs? Data was collected using participatory research techniques, question in data collection. The researcher recorded 25 songs and interviewed 18 peoples. The scope and extent of the research focused on oral literature where by researcher investigated children’s songs. The research involved two villages namely Mtakuja and Mseweni. The result of the study has shown that children’s songs use different language styles such as the use of repetition, including repetition of vocal sounds (vowels), consonant repetition, and repetition of syllables, repetition of rhythm, word repetition and repetition of sentences. This included of grammar such as short sentences (simple), command sentences, question sentences and statement sentences. Also long sentences such as compound and complex sentences were investigated. Moreover, the use of ungrammatical expressions and parallelism were investigated. As on the semantic level, there are the use metaphors such as similes, personifications, ironies and hyperbole. Finally the use of imagery also appeared. The effect from second question are to make children happy, to make entertainment to the children, it make musical, to improve cooperation to the society, to struggle with colonialism, to protect environment, to improve humanity, to struggle with persecution. This research is a contribution to oral literature and will benefit teachers, students, lovers of literature, researchers and the society in general.
Effect of cooperative learning on learners’ English grammar Proficiency in secondary schools in Wuro Juli district, Gombe, Nigeria
(2014) Khadijah, Muhammad Nasir
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cooperative learning on students, English grammar proficiency in Wuro Juli district. Four research hypotheses guided the study: HO1 cooperative learning has no significant difference on students’ grammar articulation competence, HO2 cooperative learning has no significant differences on students’ grammar identification competence, Ho3 cooperative learning has no significant differences on students’ sentence manipulation competence, and HO4 cooperative learning has no significant difference on students’ collaborative dialogue competence. The population was 134 students; forty nine students of Senior Secondary classes 1 A and B were randomly assigned into experimental group (receiving grammar instruction through cooperative learning) and control group (receiving traditional teaching). A Four-week quasi-experimental post-test only comparison group research design was used. Four instruments were used (TGA, TGR, SMT, LST) that tested four skills of language learning with the focus on six aspects of grammar (tenses, concord, sentence structure, active-passive voice, direct-indirect speech, and summarization skill) were administered to both groups. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-test with the help of SPSS version 17.0. The general finding indicated that, the cooperative learning group outperformed the comparison group that use of traditional method in teaching English grammar proficiency. The finding for HO1 indicated the there is a significant difference (p=0.00) with 0.5 effect size which shows that the HO1 was rejected; the finding of the HO2 was P=0.00 and the effect size was 0.7 which showed the significant difference between the two groups, the same result obtained in the other, two HO3 and HO4 all showed that the null hypotheses were rejected and alternative hypotheses were accepted. It was observed that these significant improvements occurred as a result of promotive interaction, interdependence and equal participation. In conclusion, the study indicates that cooperative learning is very effective in acquiring grammar knowledge. Therefore, it is strongly suggests that cooperative learning method of teaching should be infused into English language teaching and other subjects teaching in all schools in Nigeria in order to decrease the mass failure in the examinations
Uchanganuzi Wa Athari Za Kigisu Katika Lugha Ya Mazungumzo Kwa Kiswahili, Miongoni Mwa Wanafunzi Wa Shule Za Upili: Mfano Wa Wilaya Ya Mbale, Nchini Uganda.
(2014) Mulei, Martin
The topic deals with the influence of the first language on the learning of a second language. It analyses the influence of Kigisu language on the Proficiency of communicative Kiswahili as a second language, among the secondary school students of Mbale District in Uganda. This topic was undertaken in the Eastern part of Uganda, in the environment of the Bagisu native speakers. The research considered the social- linguistic approach, a case for the existence of the relationship that exists between two languages and how one language influences the proficiency of a second language. There are report from UNEB and education stake holders in Mbale who reported that the Kiswahili spoken by secondary school students especially among the Bagisu is of low level of proficiency. However, there has not been research to investigate and show how Kigisu influences the proficiency of communicative Kiswahili as L2. Besides, the past research shows clearly how L1 influences the learning of L2. The purpose of this research was therefore, to investigate and show the influence of Kigisu to the communicative language and proficiency on Kiswahili as L2. The researcher hypotheses that Kigisu influences the proficiency and the learning of Kiswahili as L2 grammatically. This research was guided by the inter-language theory which was used by the researchers to find out about the IL errors made by the learners of Kiswahili as their L2. It was supported by error analysis theory which was useful in error collection, error classification, error analysis, error description, and evaluation of errors. The data of the research was based on the interlanguage errors made by the learners of Kiswahili as L2, among the secondary students grammatically as observed in the communicative Kiswahili, among the secondary students whose L1 is Kigisu. The main source of the research was dialogue and oral exercises given to the students in secondary school. The data was analysed using the quantitative, qualitative and descriptive approach. The researcher found out that Kigisu influences the proficiency and the learning of Kiswahili as L2 grammatically. The interlanguage influence was observed in the transfer of L1 negative indicator to L2, transfer of nouns and verbs from L1 to the communication of L2 and transfer of sounds of L1 to L2 communication. The researcher concludes that the levels of interlanguage are based on the time given to the learner of L2, methodology, Learners attitude and the competence of L1 to L2. The researcher recommends that: 1) There should be measures to ensure that the influence of L1 to the learning and proficieny of communicative Kiswahili among the L2 Learners towards Learning Kiswahili is kept low; 2) The government should put in place a policy where Kiswahili is to be taught from primary schools to reduce on the level of interlanguage among secondary schools students. 3) The research proposes the use of liberal language teaching methods like communicative teaching method, groupwork and pair work for language learning, use of activity oriented teaching approach, balanced approach, and oral Kiswahili teaching should be given proper attention. All in all there is need for further reaseach on the influence of L1 to L2 to find remedy of reducing the influence of Kigisu on the communicative and proficiency of Kiswahili as L2 and other languages.
Uchanganuzi wa jinsi ngano Zinavyopitisha elimu ya kazi kwa vijana; mfano wa jamii ya Wanyankole nchini Uganda.
(2015) Edwine, Atukunda
IKISIRI Utafiti huu unahusu ngano za Wanyankole wanaoishi magharibi mwa Uganda. Ngano za Wanyankole zina kazi mhimu sana kwa vile hufunza vijana kuhusu kazi. Kazi hizo hupitishwa kwa vijana wa Kinyankole kupitia ngano. Licha ya umuhimu huo, hakuna utafiti uliofanywa ili kubainisha mafunzo haya na jinsi elimu ya kazi inavyopitishwa kwa vijana kupitia ngano. Utafiti huu umefanywa ili kuziba mwanya huu na kuonyesha jinsi elimu ya kazi hizo inavyopitishwa kwa vijana wa Kinyankole. Lengo la jumla la utafiti huu ni kuchanganua jinsi ngano zinavyopitisha ujuzi wa kazi kwa vijana wa Kinyankole. Malengo mahususi ni; Kutambulisha kazi mbalimbali zinazojitokeza katika ngano za Wanyankole. Kubainisha jinsi ngano zinavyopitisha ujuzi wa kazi hizo kwa vijana wa Kinyankole. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya uamilifu ambayo huhusu utendakazi/umuhimu wa tanzu mbalimbali za fasihi. Hili liliongoza mtafiti kuchanganua umuhimu wa ngano katika kupitisha ujuzi wa kazi mbalimbali kwa vijana. Utafiti huu ulifanyika wilayani Ibanda; katika maeneo ya Nyabuhikye na Igorora. Ngano 20 zilikusanywa kwa kutumia uteuzi maksudi, zilitafsiriwa na kuchanganuliwa kithamano kutambua jinsi ngano za Wanyankole hupitisha ujuzi wa kazi mbalimbali kwa vijana. Ngano zilikusanywa kutoka vitabu mbalimbali mkiwemo Karwemera (1978) na kutoka kwingine. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalisaidia kugundua na kufafanua ujuzi na taarifa mpya kuhusu ngano za Wanyankole na jinsi zinavyopitisha elimu ya kutenda kazi mbalimbali kwa vijana. Ngano hizi zilichanganuliwa kwa ajili ya kuonyesha kazi mbalimbali na jinsi ujuzi wa kutenda kazi hizo unavyopitishwa kwa vijana kupitia ngano. Wanyankole huhakikisha kuwa wanasimulia vijana na watoto ngano. Hili linaonyesha kwamba wanajua kuwa kuna mengi wanayofundisha vijana kupitia ngano. Miongoni mwa yanayofundishwa kwa vijana kupitia hizo ngano mna ujuzi wa kazi. Utafiti huu uligundua kuwa fanani anaposimulia ngano, afikapo mahali ambapo mhusika anatenda kazi fulani, yeye huchukua muda kuelezea jinsi anavyofanya kazi hiyo. Msikilizaji ambaye huwa ni kijana mara nyingi, anajifunza jinsi kazi hiyo inavyotendwa kwa kuona mhusika anavyoifanya kwenye ngano. Utafiti huu umegundua kwamba kazi ambazo zinajitokeza zaidi katika ngano za Kinyankole ndizo zinazofanywa zaidi katika jamii ya Wanyankole. Hili ni thibitisho kuwa vijana hufunzwa sana utendaji kazi hizo kupitia ngano na badaye huzifanya kazi hizo. Utafiti huu utawafaidi wanafunzi wa fasihi na watafiti wa badaye wanaodhamilia kutafiti na kusoma fasihi hasa fasihi simulizi. ABSTRACT. This research was focused on the folktales of the Banyankole who live in Western Uganda. Folk tales are important in the Banyankole culture since they pass on working skills to the youths. Insipite of this importance, no study has been carried out about this. This study has come to fill this gap. The aim of this study is to find out how working skills are passed on to the youths through folk tales and the objectives of the study are; to identify the working skills in the folk tales and explain how the working skills are passed on to the youths through folk tales. This study was guided by the functionalism theory which talks about the functionality of different genres of literature. This guided the study in analyzing the importance of the folktales in passing on the different job skills to the youth. The study focused especially on Ibanda District, in the areas of Nyabuhikye and Igorora. 20 folktales were collected, translated, and analyzed qualitatively to understand how the folktales of the Banyankole pass on the different working skills to the youth. The folktales were gathered from different books including Karwemera (1978) and other sources. These folktales were analyzed according to the different work skills portrayed in folktales and how they are taught to the youth through the folktales. The Banyankole make it a point to narrate the folktales to the youths and children in Ankole. This means there is alot the Banyankole know they are passing on to the children through these tales. This study found out that working skills are passed on to the youth through folktales. It was dicoverd that when the folktale is being narrated, emphasis is put on how someone in the tale did apaticular work hence the listener learns how to do the work by looking at how it was done in the story. This study discovered that the works that appear most in the folk tales are also the most done in the society. This is because the youths learn how to do them from the folk tales and hence start doing so in society. The findings of this study helped in revealing and elaborating more knowledge/information about the folktales of the Banyankole and the way the folktales pass on the job performance skills to the youth. The study will also benefit literature students and researchers who intend to study oral literature.
Uchanganuzi wa mofofonimiki wa Lahaja ya Kimakunduchi Julai
(2015) Kombo, Abdi Ali
IKISIRI Utafiti huu ulichanganua mofofonimiki ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi. Licha ya kuwepo tafiti mbalimbali zilizofanywa juu ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi, mtafiti hakuona utafiti wowote uliofanywa kuchanganua mofofonimiki ya Lahaja ya Kimakunduchi. Hivyo mtafiti aliamua kuchanganua mofofonimiki ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi ili kuziba mwanya huo wa kitaaluma. Malengo ya utafiti huu ni kubainisha matamshi na mofolojia ya maneno ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi pamoja na kutambulisha kanuni zinazoongoza mabadiliko ya matamshi katika maneno ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia tete mbili; kwanza, maneno ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi yana matamshi na mofolojia inayoweza kutambulishwa. Pili, maneno ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi yana kanuni zinazoongoza mabadiliko katika utamkaji. Data ya utafiti huu ni maneno 130 ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi yaliyokusanywa nyanjani kwa mbinu ya ushuhudiaji na hojaji. Data hiyo ilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya kithamano ambapo maelezo ndio msingi wa mbinu hii. Ili kuufanya uchanganuzi wa data uwe wa uwazi zaidi na wa kueleweka kwa urahisi majedwali yalitumika. Mtafiti alitumia jumla ya wasailiwa 40 waliochaguliwa kwa njia ya usampuli azma.Utafiti huu ulifanywa chini ya nadharia ya Fonolojia Zalishi Asilia iliyoasisiwa na Theo Vennaman (1976) na kuendelezwa na Hooper. Nadharia ambayo ina mihimili mitatu (a) Hali ya uasilia wenye nguvu (b) Hali ya kutopanga (c) Hali halisi ya majumisho. Matokeo ya utafiti huu ni muhimu sana kwa maendeleo ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi na Kiswahili kwa ujumla. Umuhimu wa utafiti huu ni kuwa; utawasaidia wasomaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili wakiwa ni Wamakunduchi kuweza kubaini mofofonimiki wa lahaja ya Kimakunduchi, utawanufaisha Walimu na Wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari na vyuo, watu wanaotaka kujifunza lahaja ya Kimakunduchi, Pia utasaidia wasomi wa lugha ya Kiswahili kuweza kufahamu sheria zinazotawala mofofonemiki ya maneno ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi, hali kadhalika lahaja yenyewe itafahamika vizuri kupitia utafiti huu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu uliotumia vitenzi kama kigezo, yameonyesha kuwa mabadiliko ya matamshi katika maneno ya lahaja ya Kimakunduchi huongozwa na sheria maalumu kama vile udondoshaji, ukaakaaishaji, udhoofishaji na uyeyushaji. ABSTRACT This research analized morphophonemic of Makunduchi dialect. Althogh some research has been done on Makunduchi dialect, it had not focused on the morphophonemic of Makunduchi dialect. Therefore the Researcher decided to carry out research on morphophonemic of Makunduchi dialect in order to bridge the kwowledge gap.The research objectives were to identify morphology and pronunciation of Makunduchi dialect and show the morphophonemic rules that govern changes in pronunciation of Makunduchi dialect. Research had two hypotheses. The first says Makunduchi dialect has pronuanciation and morphology that can be specified. Secondly, words from Makunduchi dialect has rules that govern changes in pronuanciation. Data of this research were 130 words from Makunduchi dialect. Data was analysed qualitatively. The researcher used a sample of 40 respondents and they were purposively selected. The study was guided by the theory of Natural Generative Phonology started by Theo Vennamann (1976) and improved by Hooper. This theory has three pillars (a) Strong naturalness condition (b) No ordering condition (c) True generalization This study was very crucial to the understanding the development of Makunduchi dialect and Kiswahili language. It is also very important and useful to the students and teachers of Makunduchi dialect in secondary schools and Universities who may benefit from understanding the morphophonemics of the dialect. On the other hand it enables students to know rules that govern changes in morphophonemic of Makunduchi dialect. The study found that changes in pronuanciation of Makunduchi dialect was governed by phonological processes like Palatalization, Weakening, Delition and Gliding.
Uchanganuzi wa mikakati wanayoitumia mapapasi katika kujifunza lugha ya pili mji mkongwe Zanzibar
(2015) Mohammed, Maryam Hadhir
Mapapasi ni watu wenyekumudu kuzungumza lugha mbalimbali za kigeni na kuweza kuzitumia kuwaongoza wageni, hata hivyo mikakati wanayoitumia katika kujifunza lugha hizo bado hazijatambulikana hivyo utafiti huu ulikuwa na madhumuni ya kutambulisha na kuainisha mikakati wanayoitumia mapapasi katikakujifunza lugha pia kuelezea jinsi mikakati hiyo ilivyowasaidia katika kujifunza lugha ya pili.Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Utabia ya Skinner ambapo katika nadharia hii nilitumia mhimili wa mazoezi,urudiaji na uigizaji pia nilitumia nadharia ya Muingiliano ya Long ambapo nilitumia mhimili wa kufanya mazoezi ya kuzungumza na wazawa wa lugha.Utafiti huu ulifanyika kisiwani Unguja katika sehemu ya Mji Mkongwe katika shehia ya Malindi,Shangani,Mkunazini na Forodhani.Utafiti huu ulikuwa ni wakwen da nyanjani na muongozo wa maswali ndio kilikuwa kifaa cha kukusanyia data. Mapapasi 16 katika 64 ndio waliohojiwa na wahojiwa hao walichaguliwa maksudi.Data iliyokusanywa ilikuwa ni mikakati wanayoitumia mapapasi katika kujifunza lugha ya pili pamoja na Maoni ya wasaiwa kuhusiana na mikakati wanayoitumia inavyowasaidia kujifunza lugha ya pili.Data ilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia vipengele;kufanya mazoezi ya kuzungumza na wazawa wa lugha,kufanya mazoezi ya mazungumzo baina ya mapapasi,kuwauliza maswali wanaojua lugha zaidi, kusoma vitabu,kutumia kamusi,kuhawilisha maarifa ya lugha ya kwanza,kutumia vyombo vya habari,kutumia mtandao,kujiunga na taasisi zinazofundisha lugha,kutumia vyombo vya teknolojia kama vile kanda za sauti na za kuonyesha na kufanya mazoezi zaidi.Utafiti huu utakuwa na mchango kwa watu wanaojifunza lugha ya pili na taasisi mbalimbali za kielimu.Vilevile utafiti huu utawanufaisha walimu, wanafunzi, watafiti wa lugha ya pili na jamii kwa ujumla. ABSTRACT Beach boys are people who are able to speak different language in guiding tourist. Strategies they used are not well known by other people. The objectives of the study were to introduce and identify the strategies used by beach boys in learning second language. Also to explain and to asses how strategies they used help to learn second language. This study was guided by Behaviorist Theory of Skinner (1957) and Interaction theory of Long (1983).The data for this study were strategies used by beach boys and their views on how the strategies used help them on learning second language. The research technique used was interview and the data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This research is a contribution to second language acquisition (SLA) and is expected to benefit subsequent researchers in that area.
Uchanganuzi wa methali za kiswahili kwa mkabala Wa kitendo neni katika kijiji cha kidoti .
(2015) Fatma, Abdisalami Ali
IKISIRI Utafiti huu umechunguza methali za Kiswahili zinazojitokeza katika muktadha wa mazungumzo katika kijiji cha Kidoti Kaskazini Unguja. Mapitio ya maandishi yalidhihirisha kuwa methali za Kiswahili hazikuchunguzwa kwa mkabala wa Vitendo neni na athari zake kwa wasikilizaji hazikudhihirishwa kadri tunavyojua. Kutokana na tatizo hilo, madhumuni mahsusi ya utafiti huu yalikuwa ni kudhirisha vitendo neni vinavyojitokeza katika methali zilizotumiwa katika muktadha wa mazungumzo, kupambanua nia za wazungumzaji wa methali kulingana na muktadha wa matumizi yake na kudhihirisha athari ya vitendo neni kwa walengwa. Maswali ya utafiti huu yalikuwa matatu nayo ni je, kuna vitendo neni gani katika methali zinazotumika katika muktadha wa mazungumzo? Je, wazungumzaji huwa na nia mahsusi wanapotumia methali katika muktadha wa mazungumzo? na je, kuna athari zipi za vitendo neni katika methali zinazotumiwa na wazungumzaji wa kijiji cha Kidoti kwa walengwa wake?. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Kitendo neni ya Austin (1962) na kuendelezwa na Searle (1969). Data ya utafiti huu ilikuwa ni mazungumzo yenye utumizi wa methali na maoni ya wasailiwa (20) iliyokusanywa na mtafiti kwa kuhudhuria vikao (50) vya mazungumzo ambapo amefanikiwa kupata methali (40). Vifaa vya kukusanyia data ilikuwa ni muongozo wa mahojiano. Hatimaye data hiyo ilichanganuliwa kwa njia ya Kithamano na njia ya Kiwingi dadi. Utafiti huu ulikuwa ni wa nyanjani uliojumuisha matumizi ya mbinu ya uchunguzi shiriki . Matokeo ya utafiti huu yameonyesha kuwa kuna vitendo neni maalumu katika methali zinazotumiwa katika muktadha wa mazungumzo mfano kugundua, kuzindua,kuonya na kwamba vitendo neni hivyo vilionyesha athari mbali mbali kwa walengwa mfano kuogopa, kuzinduka, kuzingatia onyo. Kwa kuwa utafiti juu ya uchanganuzi wa methali za Kiswahili katika muktadha wa mazungumzo haukuwahi kufanywa, utafiti huu umechangia pakubwa katika taaluma ya uchanganuzi usemi na unatarajiwa kuwanufaisha sana watafiti wa baadae katika uwanja huo. ABSTRACT This study focused on Speech acts in Kiswahili proverbs and how they impact on the targeted audience in Kidoti village of northern Unguja. A review of related literature revealed that Kiswahili proverbs had not been investigated from the Speech act perspective and thus their effect on the audience was not known to the best of my understanding. This study, therefore, attempted to bridge that gap. The objectives of the study were to establish whether Kiswahili proverbs that emerge in social discourse carry certain speech acts, to establish whether the speech acts in the proverb contain illocutionary force and whether they have any impact on the people targeted by them. Pertinent to those objectives, the following study questions were raised: Do Kiswahili proverbs that are used in social discourse carry any speech act? Do the speech acts in the proverbs contain any illocutionary force? And what impact do the Speech acts have on the targeted audience? This study was guided by the Speech Act Theory of Austin (1962) and that was advanced by Searle (1969). The data for this study comprised proverbs that were used in social discourse and views of respondents. The researcher attended (50) sittings, within it was attempted to get (40) proverbs and (20) respondents were interviewed. The research technique used was participant observation and the data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings of this study revealed that proverbs that emerged in social discourse carry certain speech acts and have a positive impact on the people who constitute the targeted audience. This study is contribution to discourse analysis and is expected to benefit subsequent researchers in that area
Nyimbo za tohara na majukumu ya Mwanamume na Mwanamke katika jamii ya Wagisu, Uganda.
(2016) Buwule, Suzan
ABSTRACT In oral literature songs are very important in communicating cultural values, traditional norms and societal ideas. It has been claimed that songs allocate different roles and responsibilities to men and women. However, no research had been conducted to the best of my knowledge to establish how circumcision songs do so in the Bugisu society. This study therefore was intended to fill that knowledge gap. The objectives of the study were to establish the roles that Wagisu cirmumcision songs allocate to men and women in society and to show the status of a woman in the Gishu society, Sironko district. The research question sought to analyze the Bagisu circumcision songs as a source of allocation of male and female duties, 20 songs were selected whereby only 19 songs were used to explain about the allocation of male and female duties also showing the status of a woman, and the 1 song was left out because it did not contain the themes of roles. The study was guided by Hegemonic masculinity theory of R.W. Connell, (2005) with the guidance one of its tenets being, division of roles between females and males, and also Kress (1985:94)’s explanation about the Critical Discourse Analysis theory basing on the the groups in the society, and that every human being has a role in the society. The Bagisu circumcision songs regarding the allocation of the male and female duties constituted data for this research. The data was collected from the sub counties of Bukiise, Butandiga and Buhugu. The data was collected using the participant observation method. The acquired data was then analyzed and described qualitatively using percentages. The study revealed that females were over powered by their counterparts who allocate them heavy work of the family in the marriage situation. The study therefore recommended that, parents should alter themes that undermine women in circumcision songs through allocating them with all the house cores by positive ones which treat all mankind equally. The study is a contribution to the field of literature particularly the genre oral literature. It is anticipated that its findings will benefit researchers and all the lovers of literature.
Ulinganishi wa kimuundo baina ya ushairi wa Kiswahili na kiarabu katika diwani ya Shaaban Robert na diwani ya Abdul-Aziz Muhammad
(2016) Muhindo, Juma Kassim
This is a comperative study of the structure of Kiswahili and Arabic Poems from the Anthology of Shaaban and Abdul-Aziz. A review of related literature revealed that no study has been made on comparing the structure of Kiswahili poetry with that of Arabic poetry.There has been long time conflict about the origin of Kiswahili poetry which has not been resolved. Therefore the research was carried out with an intention of showing the major aspects of the structure of traditional poems of two languages that made the structure of two language related and to narrow the knowledge gap. The objectives of this study were to show the surface structure of the poetry of both languages in the anthologies of Shaaban and Abdul-Aziz; to identify the similarities and deferences between the structure of Kiswahili and Arabic Poetry in these two anthologies with an intent of analyzing the structure of poems of these two languages to get a clue of the origin of the conflict between scholars. The study was guided by the following research questions: What is the surface structure of Kiswahili and Arabic poetry? And what are the similarities and defferences between Kiswahili and Arabic poetry with regard to the surface structure? This study was guided by Reconstructionist theory that was founded by Ferdinand de Saussure (1950s). Content analysis was used as a method to collect data which constituted both the structure and form in the selected anthologies that had Kiswahili and Arabic Traditional poetry. The data was qualitatively analysed. The findings reveal that traditional poetry for both languages can be identified by their structure; to a greater extent these poems have the same outer structure and some defferences. This study is a contribution to the field of literature. Reseachers, literature critiques could have a look at the outer structure of the Kiswahili and Arabic poetry while studying the origin of Kiswahili poetry.
The difference between traditional and modern ways of learning Islamic sciences on student’s achievement in Kazaure madrasas, Jigawa state, Nigeria
(Islamic University in Uganda, 2016) Zaharaddeen, Umar
This study was to find out the difference between Traditional and Modern ways of learning Islamic sciences in Kazaure madrasas, Jigawa State, Nigeria. This study was guided by three research objectives which were to: examine the extent of the difference between curriculum, mode of delivery and Students Enrollment in Traditional and Modern madrasas on students achievement. The study used a sample size of 112 out of a total population of 160 respondents. The study employed the use of T-test as the research design. Test and self-developed Questionnaire on three objectives were used as the instrument for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages and mean) with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS version 21.0). HO1: T-test results revealed that Tsangaya (traditional Madrasa) has a significant effect on performance with a mean value of 10.7035. While Independent tests indicate the difference between Madrasa Curriculum and Performance, with sig Value of 0.763, findings indicated that confidence levels intervals were assumed at 95% implying a positive difference between curriculum and Students performance. HO2: indicates that although Traditional Madrasa in Kazaure is more detailed form of learning Islam, but Modern Quranic school Kazaure represents a high M= 1.0743, implying that it is mostly used than the Traditional Madrasa. HO3: Statistical results indicate that traditional Madrasa enrolment, assumed the highest response rate, implying that it is widely used because of the content it entails as compared to the Modern Quranic School, and does not significantly impact on learner’s achievement. The study came up with the following recommendations: The researcher recommends that there is need to redesign and develop the curriculum for all sectors of Islamic education, though Traditional Madrasas does not have any curriculum but they have to look at the following in their syllabus. More specifically, it is expected (i) to fill the gaps observed in the current educational programs of Quranic schools, (ii) modernize the offerings both in terms of pedagogical approaches and practices, and (iv) provide the learners with the minimum knowledge, know-how and social skills required for Basic Education. The research recommends that there will be need to restructure the learning environment, once the curriculum is reconstructed, the teachers retrained and instructional materials provided to facilitate learning, the environment made conducive for effective teaching and appropriate learning experiences for students are provided in keeping with Modern challenges and realities of today then the traditional Madrasah is ready to compete with the Western oriented system in the area of qualitative education. The research recommends that, though madrasas had increased in enrollment and the reason for this increase is about the people’s preference for religious schooling among them, Northern Nigeria has a strong attachment to religion and yet the religious oriented schools are threatened by the secular system. However, Madrasas has to open market educational opportunities to targeted groups such as women or other ethnic minorities; this will help in providing a positive and significant contribution to the development of the nation character.

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