Department of Literature, Language and Linguistics (LLL)

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://localhost:4000/handle/20.500.12309/16

Browse

Browsing Department of Literature, Language and Linguistics (LLL) by Subject "Language"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Linguistic study of kiswahili proverbs with attempt at its classification
    (2002) Argungu, Dahiru M.
    Kiswahili is one of the African languages with very large numbers of proverbs. Its proverbs are among the earliest and most-widely studied by scholars. However, the researches on the genre have almost centred on its aesthetic, folkloric or socio-cultural values. In other words, scholars of Kiswahili proverbs have studied them mainly from the literature point of view. They have rarely analysed them from a linguistic perspective. In addition, collected published works on the genre have almost always been arranged by authors in a rather facile alphabetical format to the exclusion of all other forms of categorization or classification. Therefore, the aim of this study was to make a modest contribution to the Kiswahili proverb researches at two levels. The first was to analyse the proverbs mainly from a linguistic perspective, in place of the more familiar literary analysis. Secondly, we classified the genre based on its lexical items and semantic fields, instead of simply arranging them alphabetically. Taken together, the aim was to show the potential application of linguistics in Kiswaili proverb researchers. The methodology of this study was based on descriptive linguistics in which we discovered and described the structure of the Kiswahili proverb, in particular its grammatical properties. For this purpose, we examine a umber of published works on the genre. We concentrated our analysis on four areas of linguists. These were the grammatical, syntactic, semantic and stylistic levels in relation to our data. We then went ahead to use the data that accrued from the grammatical analysis to classify the proverbs along semantic fields. Some of the major findings of this research were that the individual words underlying Kiswahili proverbs sentence are mainly drawn from the basic vocabulary items of its everyday speech. This points out the fact that at the lexical level, the Kiswahili proverb often has a very simple structure and meaning. From a syntactic point of view too, the surface structure of Kiswahili proverbial utterance is simple and devoid of complex syntax. Almost every proverb in the genre is constructed with two immediate consistent (parallel) structures. We further discovered at the semantic level of our analysis that the Kiswahili proverb has complex meaning at its deep structure. The complexity in meaning is caused by the proverbs' metaphor. This proves that there is a literal meaning which lies at the proverbs surface structure and the non-literal (metaphorical) on which is conceived or concealed in the proverb’s deep structure. There is also variation in the types of metaphor in Kiswahili proverbial sentences. This means some proverbial constructions contain more complex metaphors than others. Apparently, the chief function of metaphor in the proverb is the creation of ambiguity, at its sentence’s deep structure. Unlike the ambiguity that is likely to be found in everyday Kiswahili, which may either be lexical or structural, the ambiguity in its proverbs stems from the metaphor in its sentence. For this reason, virtually every Kiswahili proverb contains some form of metaphorical ambiguity. It appears that the main function of metaphorical ambiguity in Kiswahili proverbs is to compensate for the often restricted syntax of its sentence, in addition to creating multiplicity of meaning or usage. Perhaps, one of the distinguishing linguistic characteristics of the Kiswahili genre that we found in the study is its high content of end-rhyming proverbs. This feature is largely attributed to the vowel-ending nature of its works which makes the feature easily achievable in the language as a whole.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Uchanganuzi wa jinsi ngano Zinavyopitisha elimu ya kazi kwa vijana; mfano wa jamii ya Wanyankole nchini Uganda.
    (2015) Edwine, Atukunda
    IKISIRI Utafiti huu unahusu ngano za Wanyankole wanaoishi magharibi mwa Uganda. Ngano za Wanyankole zina kazi mhimu sana kwa vile hufunza vijana kuhusu kazi. Kazi hizo hupitishwa kwa vijana wa Kinyankole kupitia ngano. Licha ya umuhimu huo, hakuna utafiti uliofanywa ili kubainisha mafunzo haya na jinsi elimu ya kazi inavyopitishwa kwa vijana kupitia ngano. Utafiti huu umefanywa ili kuziba mwanya huu na kuonyesha jinsi elimu ya kazi hizo inavyopitishwa kwa vijana wa Kinyankole. Lengo la jumla la utafiti huu ni kuchanganua jinsi ngano zinavyopitisha ujuzi wa kazi kwa vijana wa Kinyankole. Malengo mahususi ni; Kutambulisha kazi mbalimbali zinazojitokeza katika ngano za Wanyankole. Kubainisha jinsi ngano zinavyopitisha ujuzi wa kazi hizo kwa vijana wa Kinyankole. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya uamilifu ambayo huhusu utendakazi/umuhimu wa tanzu mbalimbali za fasihi. Hili liliongoza mtafiti kuchanganua umuhimu wa ngano katika kupitisha ujuzi wa kazi mbalimbali kwa vijana. Utafiti huu ulifanyika wilayani Ibanda; katika maeneo ya Nyabuhikye na Igorora. Ngano 20 zilikusanywa kwa kutumia uteuzi maksudi, zilitafsiriwa na kuchanganuliwa kithamano kutambua jinsi ngano za Wanyankole hupitisha ujuzi wa kazi mbalimbali kwa vijana. Ngano zilikusanywa kutoka vitabu mbalimbali mkiwemo Karwemera (1978) na kutoka kwingine. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalisaidia kugundua na kufafanua ujuzi na taarifa mpya kuhusu ngano za Wanyankole na jinsi zinavyopitisha elimu ya kutenda kazi mbalimbali kwa vijana. Ngano hizi zilichanganuliwa kwa ajili ya kuonyesha kazi mbalimbali na jinsi ujuzi wa kutenda kazi hizo unavyopitishwa kwa vijana kupitia ngano. Wanyankole huhakikisha kuwa wanasimulia vijana na watoto ngano. Hili linaonyesha kwamba wanajua kuwa kuna mengi wanayofundisha vijana kupitia ngano. Miongoni mwa yanayofundishwa kwa vijana kupitia hizo ngano mna ujuzi wa kazi. Utafiti huu uligundua kuwa fanani anaposimulia ngano, afikapo mahali ambapo mhusika anatenda kazi fulani, yeye huchukua muda kuelezea jinsi anavyofanya kazi hiyo. Msikilizaji ambaye huwa ni kijana mara nyingi, anajifunza jinsi kazi hiyo inavyotendwa kwa kuona mhusika anavyoifanya kwenye ngano. Utafiti huu umegundua kwamba kazi ambazo zinajitokeza zaidi katika ngano za Kinyankole ndizo zinazofanywa zaidi katika jamii ya Wanyankole. Hili ni thibitisho kuwa vijana hufunzwa sana utendaji kazi hizo kupitia ngano na badaye huzifanya kazi hizo. Utafiti huu utawafaidi wanafunzi wa fasihi na watafiti wa badaye wanaodhamilia kutafiti na kusoma fasihi hasa fasihi simulizi. ABSTRACT. This research was focused on the folktales of the Banyankole who live in Western Uganda. Folk tales are important in the Banyankole culture since they pass on working skills to the youths. Insipite of this importance, no study has been carried out about this. This study has come to fill this gap. The aim of this study is to find out how working skills are passed on to the youths through folk tales and the objectives of the study are; to identify the working skills in the folk tales and explain how the working skills are passed on to the youths through folk tales. This study was guided by the functionalism theory which talks about the functionality of different genres of literature. This guided the study in analyzing the importance of the folktales in passing on the different job skills to the youth. The study focused especially on Ibanda District, in the areas of Nyabuhikye and Igorora. 20 folktales were collected, translated, and analyzed qualitatively to understand how the folktales of the Banyankole pass on the different working skills to the youth. The folktales were gathered from different books including Karwemera (1978) and other sources. These folktales were analyzed according to the different work skills portrayed in folktales and how they are taught to the youth through the folktales. The Banyankole make it a point to narrate the folktales to the youths and children in Ankole. This means there is alot the Banyankole know they are passing on to the children through these tales. This study found out that working skills are passed on to the youth through folktales. It was dicoverd that when the folktale is being narrated, emphasis is put on how someone in the tale did apaticular work hence the listener learns how to do the work by looking at how it was done in the story. This study discovered that the works that appear most in the folk tales are also the most done in the society. This is because the youths learn how to do them from the folk tales and hence start doing so in society. The findings of this study helped in revealing and elaborating more knowledge/information about the folktales of the Banyankole and the way the folktales pass on the job performance skills to the youth. The study will also benefit literature students and researchers who intend to study oral literature.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Uchanganuzi wa mikakati wanayoitumia mapapasi katika kujifunza lugha ya pili mji mkongwe Zanzibar
    (2015) Mohammed, Maryam Hadhir
    Mapapasi ni watu wenyekumudu kuzungumza lugha mbalimbali za kigeni na kuweza kuzitumia kuwaongoza wageni, hata hivyo mikakati wanayoitumia katika kujifunza lugha hizo bado hazijatambulikana hivyo utafiti huu ulikuwa na madhumuni ya kutambulisha na kuainisha mikakati wanayoitumia mapapasi katikakujifunza lugha pia kuelezea jinsi mikakati hiyo ilivyowasaidia katika kujifunza lugha ya pili.Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya Utabia ya Skinner ambapo katika nadharia hii nilitumia mhimili wa mazoezi,urudiaji na uigizaji pia nilitumia nadharia ya Muingiliano ya Long ambapo nilitumia mhimili wa kufanya mazoezi ya kuzungumza na wazawa wa lugha.Utafiti huu ulifanyika kisiwani Unguja katika sehemu ya Mji Mkongwe katika shehia ya Malindi,Shangani,Mkunazini na Forodhani.Utafiti huu ulikuwa ni wakwen da nyanjani na muongozo wa maswali ndio kilikuwa kifaa cha kukusanyia data. Mapapasi 16 katika 64 ndio waliohojiwa na wahojiwa hao walichaguliwa maksudi.Data iliyokusanywa ilikuwa ni mikakati wanayoitumia mapapasi katika kujifunza lugha ya pili pamoja na Maoni ya wasaiwa kuhusiana na mikakati wanayoitumia inavyowasaidia kujifunza lugha ya pili.Data ilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia vipengele;kufanya mazoezi ya kuzungumza na wazawa wa lugha,kufanya mazoezi ya mazungumzo baina ya mapapasi,kuwauliza maswali wanaojua lugha zaidi, kusoma vitabu,kutumia kamusi,kuhawilisha maarifa ya lugha ya kwanza,kutumia vyombo vya habari,kutumia mtandao,kujiunga na taasisi zinazofundisha lugha,kutumia vyombo vya teknolojia kama vile kanda za sauti na za kuonyesha na kufanya mazoezi zaidi.Utafiti huu utakuwa na mchango kwa watu wanaojifunza lugha ya pili na taasisi mbalimbali za kielimu.Vilevile utafiti huu utawanufaisha walimu, wanafunzi, watafiti wa lugha ya pili na jamii kwa ujumla. ABSTRACT Beach boys are people who are able to speak different language in guiding tourist. Strategies they used are not well known by other people. The objectives of the study were to introduce and identify the strategies used by beach boys in learning second language. Also to explain and to asses how strategies they used help to learn second language. This study was guided by Behaviorist Theory of Skinner (1957) and Interaction theory of Long (1983).The data for this study were strategies used by beach boys and their views on how the strategies used help them on learning second language. The research technique used was interview and the data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This research is a contribution to second language acquisition (SLA) and is expected to benefit subsequent researchers in that area.